Interview preparation roadmap · Data
Data warehousing and modelling, advanced SQL and building reliable reports in BI tools.
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- 01Interview foundations
- 02Foundations
- 03BI core
- 04Role-specific
- 05Practice
- 06Company & final prep
01Interview foundations
What every interviewer sees first.
01.1Resume
A one-page resume you can defend line by line.
What this covers
- One-page format — Reverse-chronological, clean fonts, no photos or tables that confuse parsers.
- Project bullets — Action + what you built + a number (users, speed, accuracy).
- Skills section — Only skills you can answer questions on for two minutes.
- ATS readability — Export a text-based PDF and check it with a parser.
- Working links — GitHub, LinkedIn and a live project link that open.
- Tailoring — Reorder bullets to match the job description.
What to practise
- Run your PDF through a parser test
- Rewrite each bullet as action + result
- Remove any skill you can't explain for 2 minutes
Common questions
- Walk me through your resume.
- Which project here are you most proud of, and why?
- Why is this skill on your resume?
Free resources
- OpenResume — Free ATS-friendly resume builder and parser test (Free)
- Jake's Resume (Overleaf) — The LaTeX resume template most SDE freshers use (Free)
- Resume Worded — Resume and LinkedIn scoring (Free plan)
- Jobscan — Match your resume against a job description (Free plan)
Free courses
- Professional Resume Writing — Alison (Free course)
- Resume, Networking, and Interview Skills — Fullbridge (Free to audit)
01.2Tell me about yourself
A 60–90 second answer: present, past, why this role.
What this covers
- Present — Who you are now: degree, year, focus.
- Past — One or two proof points: a project, internship or result.
- Future — Why this role and this company next.
- Length — 60–90 seconds; stop before you list everything.
- Delivery — Calm pace and eye contact, not a memorised script.
What to practise
- Write it, then say it out loud 5 times
- Record yourself and cut anything over 90 seconds
Common questions
- Tell me about yourself.
- Why should we hire you?
- Where do you see yourself in a few years?
Free resources
- Google Interview Warmup — Free spoken mock interview that prints your transcript (Free)
- BBC Learning English — Structured free English lessons and podcasts (Free)
Free courses
- English@Work: Basic Job Interview Skills — The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (Free to audit)
- Job Interview Preparation For Tech Professionals — University of Cape Town (Free to audit)
01.3Behavioral & STAR
Stories about teamwork, conflict and failure, told with STAR.
What this covers
- STAR structure — Situation, task, action, result. Spend most of the time on action.
- Story bank — 6–8 real stories you can reuse across questions.
- Teamwork & conflict — Disagreeing respectfully and what you changed.
- Failure & weakness — A real one, what you learned, what you do now.
- Ownership — Times you took initiative without being asked.
- Common HR questions — Why us, why you, strengths, relocation.
What to practise
- Write 6 stories in STAR form
- Map each story to 2–3 common questions
- Practise one story with a friend
Common questions
- Tell me about a time you failed.
- Describe a conflict in a team and what you did.
- What is your biggest weakness?
Free resources
- Tech Interview Handbook — Free guide to coding and behavioral interviews (Free)
- Google Interview Warmup — Free spoken mock interview that prints your transcript (Free)
- Pramp / Exponent peer mocks — Free peer-to-peer mock interviews (Free plan)
Free courses
- Master Behavioral Interviews (for Software Engineers) — freeCodeCamp (Free video)
- Behavioral Interview Practice for Computer Science Students — CodeSignal (Free to audit)
- Soft Skills For Tech Professionals — University of Cape Town (Free to audit)
02Foundations
Data theory and SQL.
02.1DBMS
Keys, normalisation, transactions and writing SQL by hand.
What this covers
- Keys & constraints — Primary, foreign, candidate, unique.
- ER modelling — Entities, relationships, cardinality.
- Normalisation — 1NF to 3NF/BCNF and why it matters.
- Transactions & ACID — Atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability.
- Indexing — B-trees; when an index helps and when it hurts.
- SQL by hand — Joins, GROUP BY and subqueries on paper.
What to practise
- Write 15 SQL queries by hand
- Normalise one messy table on paper
Common questions
- What is normalisation and why does it matter?
- Primary key vs foreign key?
- What does ACID stand for?
Free resources
- GeeksforGeeks — Company-wise questions and theory (Free plan)
- SQLZoo — SQL by doing, in the browser (Free)
- InterviewBit — Guided interview prep path (Free plan)
Free courses
- Database Management System — Great Learning (Free course)
- Database Systems - Cornell University Course (SQL, NoSQL, Large-Scale Data Analysis) — freeCodeCamp (Free video)
- Database Systems — MIT OpenCourseWare (Free course)
02.2SQL for analytics
Business questions answered in SQL, from joins to window functions.
What this covers
- Joins & filters — Inner, left, anti-joins and their traps.
- Aggregation — GROUP BY, HAVING, conditional sums.
- Window functions — RANK, LAG, running totals, moving averages.
- CTEs & subqueries — Breaking hard questions into steps.
- Dates — Grouping by week or month, cohorts.
- NULLs & duplicates — Handling messy data correctly.
What to practise
- Solve 30 interview-style SQL questions
- Write a monthly retention query from scratch
Common questions
- Find the second-highest salary per department.
- Calculate 7-day rolling average sales.
- Difference between WHERE and HAVING?
Free resources
- Mode SQL tutorial — SQL for analysis, from basics to window functions (Free)
- DataLemur — SQL and analytics interview questions (Free plan)
- StrataScratch — Real SQL and Python data interview questions (Free plan)
- SQLZoo — SQL by doing, in the browser (Free)
Free courses
- SQL and Relational Databases 101 — IBM (Free course)
- CS50's Introduction to Databases with SQL — Harvard University (Free video)
02.3Excel for analysis
The spreadsheet skills many analyst roles test live.
What this covers
- Formulas — IF, SUMIFS, COUNTIFS, text and date functions.
- Lookups — XLOOKUP, INDEX-MATCH, VLOOKUP limits.
- Pivot tables — Summaries, filters, calculated fields.
- Charts — Choosing the right chart, clean formatting.
- Cleaning data — Duplicates, text to columns, trimming.
- Speed — Shortcuts and tidy layouts.
What to practise
- Analyse a public dataset with pivots and charts
- Rebuild one report using XLOOKUP and SUMIFS
Common questions
- How does VLOOKUP differ from XLOOKUP?
- How would you find duplicates in a column?
Free resources
- Excel Easy — Free Excel tutorial from basics to pivot tables (Free)
- Excel help and learning — Microsoft's own Excel training videos (Free)
- Khan Academy — Maths and science from scratch (Free)
Free courses
- Excel for Beginners — Great Learning (Free course)
- Excel for Intermediate Level — Great Learning (Free course)
- VLOOKUP in Excel — Great Learning (Free course)
03BI core
The main rounds.
03.1Data warehousing & modelling
Modelling data for analytics: facts, dimensions and warehouses.
What this covers
- Star schema — Facts, dimensions, grain.
- Slowly changing dimensions — Keeping history correctly.
- Warehouses — BigQuery, Snowflake, Redshift concepts.
- Performance — Partitioning and clustering.
- Semantic layer — Consistent metric definitions.
What to practise
- Design a star schema for an online store
- Write the SQL that loads one dimension
Common questions
- What is a star schema?
- What is the grain of a fact table?
Free resources
- Google Cloud Skills Boost — Labs and paths for GCP and AI (Free plan)
- Mode SQL tutorial — SQL for analysis, from basics to window functions (Free)
- Use The Index, Luke — SQL indexing and performance, free online (Free)
Free courses
- Data Warehouse & Data Mining — Gate Smashers (Free video)
- Modern Data Warehousing with ETL Processes — Great Learning (Free course)
- Modernizing Data Lakes and Data Warehouses with Google Cloud — Google Cloud (Free to audit)
03.2Data visualisation & dashboards
Choosing the right chart and building dashboards people use.
What this covers
- Chart choice — Bars, lines, scatter and when each works.
- Dashboard design — Key numbers first, filters, clear titles.
- A BI tool deeply — Power BI or Tableau: models, measures, filters.
- Storytelling — Insight, evidence, recommendation.
- Avoiding misleading charts — Axes, scales and colour.
What to practise
- Build and publish one dashboard on a public dataset
- Turn one chart into a 3-sentence insight
Common questions
- How would you design a sales dashboard?
- When is a pie chart a bad idea?
Free resources
- Tableau Public — Free Tableau to build and publish dashboards (Free)
- Power BI on Microsoft Learn — Free Power BI learning paths (Free)
- Excel Easy — Free Excel tutorial from basics to pivot tables (Free)
Free courses
- Data Visualization with Python — IBM (Free course)
- Data Visualization with R — IBM (Free course)
- Data Visualization — Kaggle (Free course)
03.3Data engineering fundamentals
Pipelines, batch vs streaming and the tools behind them.
What this covers
- ETL vs ELT — Where transformation happens and why.
- Batch & streaming — Schedules vs events; Kafka basics.
- Spark basics — Distributed processing, partitions.
- Orchestration — Airflow-style DAGs and retries.
- Data quality — Tests, freshness, lineage.
- File formats — CSV vs Parquet; compression.
What to practise
- Build a small pipeline that loads daily data into a warehouse
- Add a data-quality check that fails loudly
Common questions
- Difference between ETL and ELT?
- How would you handle late-arriving data?
- What is partitioning?
Free resources
- Google Cloud Skills Boost — Labs and paths for GCP and AI (Free plan)
- Microsoft Learn — Free training for Azure, Python, data and AI (Free)
- AWS Skill Builder — AWS's own training, many courses free (Free plan)
Free courses
- Get started with data engineering on Azure — Microsoft (Free course)
- Introduction to data engineering on Azure — Microsoft (Free course)
- Get started with Copilot in Microsoft Fabric for data engineering — Microsoft (Free course)
04Role-specific
Reliable reporting.
04.1Data cleaning & wrangling
Getting messy data ready, the part of the job that takes most time.
What this covers
- Missing values — Drop, fill or flag, and why.
- Outliers — Spotting them and deciding what to do.
- Types & formats — Dates, currencies, categories.
- Joining datasets — Keys, duplicates, row explosions.
- Reproducibility — Scripted steps instead of manual edits.
What to practise
- Clean a messy public dataset and document every step
- Find three data-quality issues in a sample file
Common questions
- How do you handle missing values?
- How would you check a dataset is correct?
Free resources
- Kaggle Learn — Short practical courses: Python, Pandas, ML, SQL (Free)
- Excel Easy — Free Excel tutorial from basics to pivot tables (Free)
- StrataScratch — Real SQL and Python data interview questions (Free plan)
Free courses
- Data Cleaning — Kaggle (Free course)
- Sensor Data Cleaning: Filter Techniques — Alison (Free course)
- Basics of Python Data Wrangling — Great Learning (Free course)
04.2Business metrics
KPIs, funnels and retention: the language of analytics interviews.
What this covers
- KPIs — Revenue, conversion, active users, churn.
- Funnels — Step-by-step conversion and drop-offs.
- Retention & cohorts — Who comes back and when.
- Unit economics — CAC, LTV, margins.
- North-star metrics — One metric that reflects value delivered.
What to practise
- Define 5 KPIs for an app you use
- Build a cohort retention table from sample data
Common questions
- What metrics would you track for a food delivery app?
- Daily active users dropped 10%. What do you check?
Free resources
- Exponent — Product, data and engineering interview questions and guides (Free plan)
- StrataScratch — Real SQL and Python data interview questions (Free plan)
- Mode SQL tutorial — SQL for analysis, from basics to window functions (Free)
Free courses
- Mastering 11 Essential Business KPIs — Alison (Free course)
- Top Five KPIs for Small Businesses — Alison (Free course)
04.3Projects & resume defense
Explaining what you built, why, and what you would change.
What this covers
- The problem — What it solves and for whom.
- Your role — Exactly what you built yourself.
- Architecture — A simple diagram: frontend, backend, database.
- Hardest bug — What broke and how you found it.
- Trade-offs — Why this stack; what you would change now.
- Scale questions — What happens with 10x the users.
What to practise
- Prepare a 2-minute walkthrough per project
- Be ready to draw its architecture
Common questions
- What was the hardest part of this project?
- Why did you choose this tech stack?
- How would it handle 10x more users?
Free resources
- Tech Interview Handbook — Free guide to coding and behavioral interviews (Free)
- Pramp / Exponent peer mocks — Free peer-to-peer mock interviews (Free plan)
Free courses
- Software Engineering Concepts — MIT OpenCourseWare (Free course)
- Build community-driven software projects on GitHub — Microsoft (Free course)
05Practice
Saying it out loud is a different skill.
05.1Technical mock interviews
At least two full coding mocks before the real one.
What this covers
- Thinking aloud — Narrate your approach before and while coding.
- Clarifying questions — Confirm inputs, scale and edge cases first.
- Handling hints — Take them gracefully and adapt.
- "I don't know" — Say what you do know and how you would find out.
- Review the recording — Fillers, pace, unclear explanations.
What to practise
- Do two peer mock interviews
- Record one spoken mock and listen back
Common questions
- Walk me through your approach before you code.
- How would you test this?
Free resources
- Pramp / Exponent peer mocks — Free peer-to-peer mock interviews (Free plan)
- Google Interview Warmup — Free spoken mock interview that prints your transcript (Free)
- Tech Interview Handbook — Free guide to coding and behavioral interviews (Free)
Free courses
- Software Engineering Job Interview – Full Mock Interview — freeCodeCamp (Free video)
05.2Technical communication
Explaining your thinking clearly in English.
What this covers
- Structure — Big picture first, then details.
- Plain words — Explain without jargon.
- Checking in — "Does that make sense so far?"
- Written English — Clear emails and follow-ups.
What to practise
- Explain one project to a non-CS friend
- Record a 2-minute explanation of your best project and listen back
Common questions
- Explain recursion to a 10-year-old.
Free resources
- BBC Learning English — Structured free English lessons and podcasts (Free)
- LanguageTool — Grammar checking that isn't Grammarly (Free plan)
Free courses
- Technical Communications for Engineers — IIT Roorkee (Free course)
06Company & final prep
The last 48 hours.
06.1Company research
The product, the role, the job description and recent news.
What this covers
- The business — What it sells and to whom.
- The role — What the job description really asks for.
- Recent news — Launches, results, announcements.
- Interview format — The rounds, if the company shares them.
- Your fit — Three reasons, matched to the job description.
What to practise
- Write 3 reasons you want this role
- Match 3 JD lines to your experience
Common questions
- Why do you want to work here?
- What do you know about our product?
Free resources
- GeeksforGeeks — Company-wise questions and theory (Free plan)
- Tech Interview Handbook — Free guide to coding and behavioral interviews (Free)
06.2Questions to ask
Two or three good questions for the end of the interview.
What this covers
- About the team — How work is planned and reviewed.
- About growth — Mentoring, learning, the first 90 days.
- About the product — What is hard right now.
- What to avoid — Questions a quick search answers.
What to practise
- Write 5 questions, keep the best 3
- Prepare one question about the team's own product
Common questions
- Do you have any questions for us?
Free resources
- Tech Interview Handbook — Free guide to coding and behavioral interviews (Free)
06.3Final checklist
Logistics, documents, setup and a calm night before.
What this covers
- Logistics — Time, timezone, link or address.
- Documents — Resume copies, ID, certificates if asked.
- Tech check — Camera, mic, internet, charger.
- Night before — Sleep, light revision, no new topics.
What to practise
- Do a 5-minute tech check the day before
- Lay out documents and clothes the night before
Free resources
- Google Interview Warmup — Free spoken mock interview that prints your transcript (Free)
06.4Job & interview safety
Spot fake offers, payment requests and fake interview links.
What this covers
- Payment requests — Real employers don't charge for jobs or training.
- Email domains — Check it matches the company's own site.
- OTPs & logins — Never share them with anyone.
- Fake interview links — Care with unknown chat apps and downloads.
- Reporting — The 1930 helpline and cybercrime.gov.in.
What to practise
- Check one recent offer against these rules
- Confirm the opening is listed on the company's own careers page
Free resources
- National Cyber Crime Portal — Report online fraud and job scams (Free)
- Have I Been Pwned — Check if your email appears in a data breach (Free)