Computer Engineering + Systems and Cloud
Design a simple processor in a logic simulator
Build an 8-bit processor with an ALU, registers and a control unit, and run a small program on it.
- DifficultyAdvanced
- Estimated time1–3 months
- Budget₹0
- ClassCollege, years 2–4
- TeamSolo or up to 3
- You needComputer only
Prerequisites: Digital logic: gates, flip-flops, multiplexers
Original · by TechnifyedEngineering DesignSimulationFree to doComputer onlyWell documentedTwo subjects
Overview
In a free logic simulator you can build a working computer from gates: an arithmetic unit, registers, memory and a control unit that steps through fetch, decode and execute.
Why build this?
Nothing explains how a computer works as well as building one that runs your own program.
What you will learn
- How an ALU performs arithmetic and logic
- How a control unit sequences operations
- How instructions are encoded
- How to test hardware systematically
Skills you will use
Materials and tools
- Computer
- A free logic circuit simulator
Tools and software
Step-by-step roadmap
Start
You will finish with: a working processor, its instruction table and a program running on it.
- 1
Prerequisites
Know this first: digital logic: gates, flip-flops, multiplexers. Then collect the 2 items in the materials list.
- 2
Learn
- How an ALU performs arithmetic and logic
- How a control unit sequences operations
- How instructions are encoded
- How to test hardware systematically
- 3
Plan
List the features for version one, sketch the screens or data flow and pick the tools. Keep the first version small.
- 4
Build
- Build and test an 8-bit adder, then an ALU with four operations.
- Build two registers and a program counter.
- Add memory holding instructions and data.
- Define eight instructions and their binary codes.
- Build the control unit that runs fetch, decode and execute.
- Write a program that adds numbers in a loop and run it.
- 5
Test
Step the clock by hand and check the register values after every instruction.
- 6
Document
Write a README: what it does, how to run it, screenshots and what you learned. Report structure
- 7
Present
Show a live demo of one complete task, then the design and the hardest problem you solved. Presentation structure · Viva questions
- 8
Publish
Put the code on GitHub with the README and, if you can, deploy a live demo.
Expected outcome
A working processor, its instruction table and a program running on it.
Other versions of this project
Beginner version
Build only a 4-bit ALU and test it.
Advanced version
Add a stack, subroutine calls and a simple assembler.
Research version
Compare single-cycle and multi-cycle designs for speed and gate count.
Make this project better
- BasicBuild only a 4-bit ALU and test it.
- This projectDesign a simple processor in a logic simulator
- AdvancedAdd a stack, subroutine calls and a simple assembler.
- ResearchCompare single-cycle and multi-cycle designs for speed and gate count.
Ways to do this project
Text marked "You write this" is a prompt for your own work; everything else is specific to this project.
- Research question
- You write thisOne question you can answer with data, narrow enough to finish in the time you have.
- Hypothesis
- You write thisWhat you expect to find, and why.
- Variables
- You write thisWhat you change or compare, what you measure, and what you hold constant.
- Methodology
- Compare single-cycle and multi-cycle designs for speed and gate count.
- Data collection
- You write thisSay what you will record, how many times, and how you will keep the records safe.
- Analysis
- You write thisChoose the table, chart or test that answers the question; report averages with their spread.
- Limitations
- You write thisList what could have affected the result: small sample, instrument limits, things you could not control.
Literature review
Find five to eight sources (your textbook, review articles, reports) and note what each says about your question. Group them by idea, not one after another, and end with what is still not known.
References
List every source you used in one style throughout (author, year, title, where it was published, link and the date you opened it).
Use this as the outline of your README or case study.
- Problem
- In a free logic simulator you can build a working computer from gates: an arithmetic unit, registers, memory and a control unit that steps through fetch, decode and execute.
- Why it matters
- Nothing explains how a computer works as well as building one that runs your own program.
- What was built
- A working processor, its instruction table and a program running on it.
- Technology
- Circuit simulator
- Architecture
- You write thisOne diagram: the parts and how data moves between them.
- Implementation
- You write thisThe 6 build steps in your own words, with one code or design decision you are proud of.
- Challenges
- You write thisThe hardest bug or decision, and how you got past it.
- Results
- Step the clock by hand and check the register values after every instruction.
- Demo and code
- You write thisA link to a live demo or a short video, and to the GitHub repository.
- Lessons learned
- You write thisWhat you would do differently next time.
- Future improvements
- Add a stack, subroutine calls and a simple assembler.
- Problem
- In a free logic simulator you can build a working computer from gates: an arithmetic unit, registers, memory and a control unit that steps through fetch, decode and execute.
- Target user
- You write thisOne specific person: who they are and when they would use this.
- Solution
- Build an 8-bit processor with an ALU, registers and a control unit, and run a small program on it.
- First version (MVP)
- Build only a 4-bit ALU and test it.
- Tech stack
- Circuit simulator
- Architecture
- You write thisA quick sketch of the parts and how they connect.
- Demo
- Step the clock by hand and check the register values after every instruction.
- Stretch goals
- Add a stack, subroutine calls and a simple assembler.
Team roles
Plan by length
24-hour
- Hours 0–2: agree the problem, the user and the one thing the demo must show
- Hours 2–16: build only the first version
- Hours 16–20: test the demo path end to end and fix what breaks
- Hours 20–24: slides, a 2-minute demo script and a backup recording
48-hour
- Evening 1: problem, user, sketch and task split
- Day 1: first version working end to end
- Day 2 morning: one stretch goal and testing
- Day 2 afternoon: polish, slides and demo practice
1-week
- Day 1: research the problem and talk to two possible users
- Days 2–4: first version
- Day 5: stretch goals
- Day 6: testing and write-up
- Day 7: demo video and presentation
Working as a team
Solo or up to 3. Suggested roles:
Report and presentation
Report structure
- Title and summary
- Problem and target user
- Features
- Tools and technology
- Design: architecture, data model or screens
- Implementation
- Testing
- Results and screenshots
- Challenges
- Future improvements
- References
Presentation structure
- The problem
- Who it is for
- Live demo
- How it is built (one diagram)
- The hardest part
- Testing and results
- What you learned
- What comes next
Viva questions
Try answering before you open each one.
What is the program counter?
A register holding the address of the next instruction.
What happens in the fetch step?
The instruction at the program counter's address is read into the instruction register.
How does a jump work?
The control unit loads a new address into the program counter.
What limits your processor's speed?
The longest signal path between clock edges.
Resources
Source and attribution
Original
Written by Technifyed. Free to use for your own school or college project; write the report in your own words. Added 1 Oct 2026.
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