Electrical Engineering · Power Systems
Model a power grid with series and parallel loads
Show why power is transmitted at high voltage using long thin wires and small bulbs.
- DifficultyIntermediate
- Estimated time2–7 days
- Budget₹500–₹1,000
- ClassClass 10 to college
- Team2–3 people
- You needBasic electronics
Prerequisites: None beyond your class work
Original · by TechnifyedExperimentWorking ModelHardware
Overview
Show why power is transmitted at high voltage using long thin wires and small bulbs.
Skills you will use
Safety
- Use only batteries or a low-voltage supply (12 V or less). Never connect a project to a wall socket.
Materials and tools
- Battery pack
- Long thin resistance wire or resistors as "lines"
- Bulbs
- Multimeter
- Optional small transformers with a low-voltage AC source
Tools and software
Step-by-step roadmap
Start
You will finish with: a demonstration board and calculations of line loss.
- 1
Prerequisites
Nothing special to know first. Then collect the 5 items in the materials list.
- 2
Learn
Read up on power systems: losses, transmission, voltage drop. Your textbook chapter and one short video are enough.
- 3
Plan
Sketch the design, list every part with its price and decide how you will know it works.
- 4
Build
- Connect a bulb directly to the supply and measure voltage.
- Connect it through long thin wires and measure the drop.
- Add more bulbs and measure again.
- Calculate the power lost in the lines.
- Explain how higher voltage cuts the loss.
- 5
Test
Run it ten times in a row. Note every failure, fix the cause and test again.
- 6
Document
Photograph each build stage, keep the circuit or drawing, and note what failed and how you fixed it. Report structure
- 7
Present
Demonstrate it working first, then explain how it works and what you would improve. Presentation structure
- 8
Publish
Share a short video, the parts list and the drawing or code so someone else can build it.
Expected outcome
A demonstration board and calculations of line loss.
Other versions of this project
Advanced version
Add step-up and step-down transformers with low-voltage AC and repeat.
Science fair mode
Text marked "You write this" is a prompt for your own work; everything else is specific to this project.
- Problem
- You write thisWrite your question as: How does [what you change] affect [what you measure]?
- Hypothesis
- You write thisWrite it as: If [I change this], then [this will happen], because [reason].
- Variables
- You write thisName the one thing you change (independent), the thing you measure (dependent) and what you keep the same (controlled).
Materials and procedure are in Materials and the Roadmap.
Observation table
You write thisDraw a table with one column for what you change, one for each repeat reading and one for the average.
- Graph
- You write thisPlot what you changed along the bottom and what you measured up the side; use a bar chart for categories and a line graph for numbers.
- Results
- You write thisState what the graph shows in one or two sentences, with numbers.
- Conclusion
- You write thisSay whether the result supports your hypothesis and why you think so.
Display board
- Title and your name
- Question
- Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure (with photos)
- Data table and graph
- Conclusion
- What you would do next
Questions judges ask
- What would you change if you did this again?
- What was your biggest source of error, and how did you reduce it?
- Where is this idea used in real life?
Working as a team
2–3 people. Suggested roles:
Report and presentation
Report structure
- Title and aim
- The problem it solves
- How it works (principle)
- Parts list with cost
- Design: drawing, circuit or block diagram
- Build steps
- Testing and results
- Problems faced and fixes
- Limitations
- Future improvements
- References
Presentation structure
- The problem
- The idea
- How it works (one diagram)
- Parts and cost
- The build (photos)
- Live demo or video
- Test results
- What did not work
- Next version
Viva questions
Prepare your own answers to these before you present.
- What is the aim of your project, in one sentence?
- What is the principle behind it?
- Why did you choose these materials or tools?
- What result did you get, and was it what you expected?
- What went wrong and how did you fix it?
- How could this be improved or used in real life?
Source and attribution
Original
Written by Technifyed. Free to use for your own school or college project; write the report in your own words. Added 1 Oct 2026.
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